Telephone transmitter



March 10, 1925. W. H. CLAYTON TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER Filed July 18, 1925 Patented Mar. 10, 1925.

asians T OFFICE.'

WILLIAM H. CLAYTON, OF PINE BLUFF, ARKANSAS,

TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

Application led `July 18,

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. CLAYTON, citizen of the United States, residing at Pine Bluff, in the county of Jefferson and State of Arkansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telephone Transmitters, of which the following is ay specification. v

This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in telephone transmitters having primarily in view a novel construction and arrangement of instrumentalities producing a much more sensitive, and at the same time not so delicate an instrument as those in common use. l Y y To obtain the desired result, a principal object of the invention is to provide a transmitter construction including electrodes associated with the diaphragm, and means for effecting a great decrease in the amplitude of vibrations of the electrodes relative to the amplitude of vibrations of the diaphragm, thereby increasing the pressure, and diminishing the motion, imparted to the contacting electrodes. It is proposed to obtain in that way a much more sensitive and reliable instrument and one that works through a much wider range, and because of the heavyincrease of the pressure exerted by the diaphragm amore substantial and reliable construction can be made, of almost any capacity for any desired purpose.

A further and distinctive object of the present invention is to provide a transmitter in which the pressure on the contact points or electrodes is automatically maintained by the weight of the parts themselves, thereby eliminating all manual adjustments. At the same time this feature of t-he invention permits an instrument to be made which is capable of lbeing adjusted through a wide range, merely by varying the number, size and disposition of the parts.

A further object of the invention is to provide a telephone transmitter of the character described which is extremely. simple in construction, there being but few parts, and it is therefore cheap to manufacture. Also the invention aims to provide a sturdy construction of instrument which is very sensitive and eiicient.

With these and other objects in. view 192.3. serial No. 652,421. Y

which will more readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood the same consists in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts, hereinafter more fully described, illustrated and claimed.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, which shows one form of my invention, in which AFigure 1 isa vertical sectional view through the transmitter. v

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the transmittel' cover showing my invention applied thereto, and

Figure 3 is a detail view showing. a plurality of contacting electrodes.

Similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

Heretofore it has been generally held that sound vibrations are extremely minute and necessitate amplifying for more efficient use in instruments of this character. Myr eX- periments have proven conclusively that instead of this fact being true, the magnitudes of the vibrations are already much too great and need a considerable reduction in order to produce the best results. By a considerable reduction of the vibrations a much superior instrument is produced as it is free from most of the defects common to the transmitters now in commercial use.

In many other types of transmitters the Vdiaphragm-is supported without the'aid of any solid or rigid part at the rear but the working mechanism -is usua-lly directly back of the center, and the force of the vibrations is taken .through the granulated carbon contacts directly against the solid back of the instrument, thereby suppressing some of the heavier vibrations, or. if due to improper adjustment, such heavier vibrations are not entirely suppressed the contacts will break and cause clicking or rattling.r Also, much .the'same effect is produced in these other types of transmitters by the tension put upon the parts to adjust them aswell as by the weight of the parts themselves. To overcome and remedy these technical andpractical defects in other types of telephone transmitters the present invention coordinates, in a novel Way7 the diaphragm, loosely but firmly-contacting light electrodes, and a .simple system of levers, operating to always hold the electrodes in contact and providing an increased leverage with resultant pressure to thecontacting electrodes v.will `be obtained, .thus .greatly reducing vthe amplitude of vibrations of the electrodes relative to the amplitude of Vibrations of .the.dia phragm. This construction creates an instrument which is devoid of rattling .and one which catches a great range of vibrations and carries the full heavy tones well as the light thin tones. The reduction in the eileplitude of vibrations ref v.the ieentaeting .electrodes relative to the .amplitude .of vibrations ef the diaphragm .prevents the electrodes from breaking .eentaet entirely and thereby -rrevente rattling .to .that i extent, thus creatingy a very sensitive .illStrument `Wheh eetehee e .great .range of Yvibrations iand .carries `the :full heavy tones -as well as the light thin tones.

.1.1i .Carrying eut ymy .invention I. provide e transmitter casing 5 which .ille-hides a cover 6 having the vusuagl vopening .7 therein for re*- ceiving the gsound waves. Fixed to this coveris a pair of spaced posts Sand?) reereetivelybeeuredV :te the rear face for fthe coveris a circular ring l@ concentrically arranged with -reeneet te the .ripening .7 and lfeimed with a reeeee 1.1 feianiiig e-.sat hav- Ving a diaphragm 12. It Xvilllbe noted at this point that there is an ,absence of any solid or rigid part yin rear of the dii'aphragm and this assists to prevent the suppression or clicking of the heavier tones. Furtheriiiere7 die diaphragm ie held in spaced rela.- tion by the seats '11 from the cover .6, thus formi/ngA an annular space which `communicates with the outer air through the open- Secured to the post 9 is fa stationary electrede 13 having e terminal le 'Cerner/.ted thereto;` y

T0 die .rear vsideef .the (.liimhraginy and .et ,its Cellier ie .fastened ixed eentaet l5 0f e Pyiaiiiidel er equivalent shape eiid liaviiis its apex er .crown contacting/With the free eed portion ef a spring 'lever 1.6. having fastening'- eenneetien .et its other .end as at 16' .te the host 8 or other peint. of support. The vibrations. ivheh are transmitted lto the lever 16 from the diaphragm 12 are trans mitted from Seid lever to an -eleetre-de lever 18,7by apyrainidal or equivalentshaped bear ing block or point 17 which is fitted to thc lever 16 in any suitable manner, at a point inter-mediate the ends of thesaid lever 1,6.

The electrode lever 18V is arranged to o.pcrate along side, and in approximal relation to, the lever 16, the free end of the lever .18 having a bearing engagement against the bearing block o r point 17 of the lever 1G, and opposite its freeend portion the lever 18 issecnrely held or fastened as at 18et .in

the block or equivalent support 9, the intention of this construction being to give the lever 18 suiiicient spring tension to firmly hold its contacting engagement with the bearing 417 and `also to maintain lthe electrodes in proper frelat-ionand Contact. The fastened ends of the lever 18 may continue to be bent to provide a .binding terminal at '19 'for a wiring connection.

Animportant function of the lever 18 is toy carry, adjacent its. fulcrum or fastened end, a carbon or fequivalent electrode 2O which is made fast to said lever so as to move therewith and therefore ..constitutes lmovable electrode. This movable 'electrode :lis arranged iat .one sidefof, and iin spaced .1r-elw tion to, .the stationary carbonv or ecpiivalent electrode 18. shown, the stationary or fixed electrode 13. Vmay be preferably formed witha beveled :face 22 corresponding to the beveled face 23 lof a relatively loose tinter- Hledate .Carbon or fequivalent electrode L21 which vis merely seated, of :its own weight, in the approximately Vf'shaped Agroove `or channel which :is formed between zthe opposing faeesof tliestationary y.electrode 13. and the movable electrodeQO. Therefore., lit will be seen that the construction described 1in` i effect is the formationv .of/a ,taperingachannel or groove .between the vtwo.electrodes 13 Vand 2O and to place in .this channel .or .groove the V-shaped .or .equivalent shaped loose electrode Iwhich'.under .the force of gravity maintains itsproper lcont;acting relation with the two electrodes 1.3 .and 20., and inasmuch as this group ofelectrodes 1constitutes the resista-nce 4it will 'be readily appreciated that theni,.tlii is providing a wide. range for the instrument. according to the particular requirements that ,it is expected to meet.

From the foregoing' itwill be observed thatv the spring tension of the mounted ends of the levers 16 and 18 causes such levers to follow the vibrations of thedia-phragm, but any permanent flexible.` connection would permit of the same result, And, in following the vibrations of theA diaphragm the reduction in movement provided for by the lever 16 will be imparted to the operating or electrode lever 18 due to thev relation of these two levers and the position of their fulcrnms or mounted ends. Consequently the amplitude. of vibrations of themovable Furthermore, it will bev under-v lOO fr ul electrode carried by the lever 18 will be considerably less than the amplitude of vibrations of the diaphragm l2. y

This reduction in vibration of the movable electrode creates an instrument which is devoid of rattling and one which catches a great range of vibrations andl carries the full heavy tones as Well as the light thin tones. The ratio of this reduction I have found by actual practice should be not less than 4 to l, that is 4f of the diaphragm to l of the movable electrode. I have definitely ascertained that the objections above noted begin to disappear when a ratio of t to l or more is employed and that the best results I have been able to obtain thus far have been produced by a ratio of about 2O to l.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a means of Working any kind of a telephone transmitter with an increased leverage, that is to say, the present invention provides a telephone transmitter including in combination with its diaphragm, and an electric circuit variable by pressure suitable means, actuated by the diaphragm for transmitting the vibrations of the diaphragm to the variable electric circuit by a decreased motion and an increased pressure.

From the foregoing it is thought that the construction and advantages of the de-' scribed improvement in telephone transmitters will be nov7 apparent Without further description, and it will be understood that various changes in the form, construction and minor details of construction may be resorted to Without departing from the principle of operation or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

I claim:-

l. A telephone transmitter including in combination with the diaphragm and an electric circuit variable by pressure, means, actuated by the diaphragm, for transmitting the vibrations thereorp to the variable electric circuit by decreased motion and increased pressure, at a ratio of not less than .4 to l.

2. In a telephone transmitter, a Ydiaphragm, a pair of motion reducing and pressure increasing levers arranged to be vibrated from the diaphragm, and electrodes included in the electrical circuit and. subjected to pressure from one of said levers.

In a telephone transmitter, a diaphragm, a system of motion reducing and pressure increasing levers actuated by the diaphragm, and electrodes included in the electric circuit and subjected to pressure from the said system of levers.

4. In a telephone transmitter, a diaphragm, a system of motion reducing and pressure increasing levers actuated from the diaphragm, and a group of electrodes included in the electrical circuit and subjected to pressure from said system of levers, said group of electrodes including an electrode carried by one of the levers, a stationary electrode spaced therefrom leaving an intervening channel, and a loose intermediate electrode seated in said channel.

v5. In a telephoneI transmitter, the combination with a diaphragm, of relatively stationary and movable electrodes, and means actuated by the diaphragm for reducing the amplitude of vibrations of the movable electrode relative to the amplitude of vibrations of the diaphragm, at a ratio of not 'less than 4 to 1.

6. In a telephone transmitter, the combination with a diaphragm, of relatively stationary and movable electrodes, -and means including levers actuated by the diaphragm for reducing the amplitude of vibrations of the movable electrode relative to the amplitude of vibrations of 'the diaphragm at a ratio of not less than 4 of the diaphragm to l of the movab-le electrode.

7. In a telephone transmitter, the combination with a diaphragm, of relatively stationary and movable electrodes, and means including levers actuated by the diaphragm for reducing the amplitude of vibrations of the movable electrode relative to the amplitude of vibrations-of the diaphragm at a ratio of not less than a of the diaphragm to l of the movable electrode, one of said levers being directly actuated by the diaphragm and the other lever being actuated by the rst mentioned lever to control the movements of the movable electrode.

8. In a telephone transmitter, the combination with a casing, of a diaphragm supported therein, relatively stationary and movable electrodes located in said casing, a main actuating leverl fulcrumed at one end and having its free end cooperating with the diaphragm, and an operating lever for the movable electrode fulcrumed at one end and having its free end disposed in engagement with the actuating lever at a point adjacent the fulcrum thereof, said levers being related to provide for a decreasedmotion and increased pressure at a ratio ot not less than 4 to l.

9. In a. telephone transmitter, the combination With a casing, of a diaphragm supported therein, relatively stationary and movable electrodes located in said casing, a main actuating lever fulcrumed at one end and having its free end cooperating with the center of the diaphragm, and an operating lever for the movable electrode .'I'ulcrumed at one end and having its free end disposed in engagement with the actuating lever at a point adjacent the fulcrum thereof, said movable electrode being mounted ou the operating lever adjacent the fulcrum 

